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Food security and diets in urban Asia: how resilient are food systems in times of COVID-19?
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Dhaka
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/image-007.jpg)
Quezon City
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/image-008.jpg)
Jakarta
Objectives
- Characterize the food environment in a selected poor urban area in terms of availability of healthy and unhealthy foods
- Understand the impact of COVID-19 on the informal food sector in terms of availability, access and utilization, and access to financial support
- Illustrate the food supply chain for a selected commodity
- Produce an urban stakeholder mapping analysis
Market Environment
Policies, Regulations and Rules:
egg supply chain and street food vendors
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/01-1.png)
While market regulations exist, they hardly control the egg supply chain in practice
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1.png)
Limited implementation of the market rules and regulations
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1.png)
Producers, wholesalers and some retailers registered by the city corporation but informal vendors are often not and do not see the needs to do it
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/image-007-1.jpg)
Food environments in poor urban areas:
Capacity and resilience of informal vendors
- None of the included street food vendor used protective equipment. Only 3% have a cold storage and 26% had sewers, a garbage pit or latrines nearby.
- Negative effect of the pandemic on most street food vendors’ income
- 95% had not received support from the government. Most took a loan (52%) and invested personal money into the business (44%) to cope with reduced income
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-Dhaka-1004x1024.jpg)
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-Dhaka-885x1024.jpg)
Local Level Supply Chain and the impact of C19 on the egg supply chain
- Street food vendors around slums operate on a very local level
- 90 % said their customers are located nearby
- Majority of vendors did not change suppliers during COVID.
- Impact of C19: decrease in demand and transport restrictions
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/07-Dhaka-1024x919.jpg)
Conclusions
- Decreased demand from
consumers has had a major
crippling effect on the market
during the pandemic - Interventions on customer
economic access are likely to
have wider ripple effects on the
food system - Informal street vendors worse
affected than formal SMEs and
their methods of adaptation are
more simple
Key Recommendations
- Improve purchasing power of consumers thereby supporting the economy and supply chains of healthy foods
- Support food-related SMEs including informal vendors
- Support street food vendor livelihoodsand strengthen local food systems
- Increase consumer confidence and safe and nutritious preparation of food
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/08-Dhaka-998x1024.jpg)
Food environments in poor urban areas:
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/jakarta-02-1024x685.jpg)
Conclusions
- 17% of street food vendor used protective equipment. Only 25% have a cold storage and 38% had sewers, a garbage pit or latrines nearby
- 90% experiences reduced income. 30% needed money for working capital, 13% for equipment financing
- 90% experiences reduced income. 30% needed money for working capital, 13% for equipment financing
- More than 50% had not been able to access financial support or loans. 17% took loan from a bank and 17% from society group. Over 1/5 received financial assistance from the government
- Most street vendors sell their products on credit. Which took 30% of their capital.
Local Level Supply Chain and the impact of C19 on the egg supply chain
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/jakarta-04-1024x941.jpg)
- COVID19: Egg actors experienced lower demand and income between 10-20%
- No major issues on stock availability, distribution, and logistics
- Majority of street food vendors did not change
- 57% of the vendors had moderately to severely affected access to customers
Poor urban dwellers’ capacity to participate in the market and Food Security
- 90% of the street food vendors’ customers are located nearby.
- Financial and economic factors were major influences on food consumption behaviour.
- Financial and economic factors were major influences on food consumption behaviour.
- Close location, cheaper price, and the risk of COVID-19 are the reasons customers choose street food vendors.
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/jakarta-05-1024x1024.jpg)
Conclusion
- Reduced purchasing power due to COVID-19 is the main driver of lower consumption
- Informal street vendors play important roles in providing closer and cheaper food availability and access.
- Interventions on customer economic access is likely to have wider ripple effects on the food system
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/jakarta-06-01-958x1024.jpg)
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/jakarta-07-863x1024.jpg)
Key Recommendations
- Improve purchasing power of consumers thereby supporting the economy and supply chains
- Support food-related SMEs including informal vendors
- Support street food vendor livelihoods and strengthen local food systems
- Increase consumer confidence and safe and nutritious preparation of food
Capacity and resilience of informal vendors
- 52% street vendors was observed to be wearing protective equipment such as gloves or masks
- Negative effect of the pandemic on most street food vendors’ income – 98% hit with reduced income
- 44% reported to receive financial assistance from the government
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/QC-02-881x1024.jpg)
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/QC-08-695x1024.jpg)
Local Level Supply Chain and the impact of C19 on the egg supply chain
- Street vendor supply chains are mostly local: 64% have local customers, the rest serves employees and workers
- 36% of vendors sell primarily local produce
- Impact of C19: Egg retailers experience reduced numbers in buyers resulting in significant change in sales
Poor urban dwellers’ capacity to participate in the market and Food Security
- Economic andphysical access factors were associated with low dietary diversity
- Price in supermarkets is higher – less favoured option for local residents
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/QC-05-1024x909.jpg)
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/QC-06-874x1024.jpg)
Conclusions
Movement restrictions impacted both informal
vendors and urban poor dwellers:
• reduction in customers resulted in significant changes in income
• reduced access and buying capacity
resulted in lower dietary diversity
Interventions on customer economic & physical
access likely to have positive ripple effects on the
food system High demand for technical support for the informal food vendors to cope with the C19 impact
Key Recommendations
- Improve purchasing power of consumersthereby supporting the economy and supply chains of healthy foods
- Support food-related SMEsincluding informal vendors
- Support street food vendor livelihoods and strengthen local food systems
- Increase consumer confidence and safe and nutritious preparation of food
![](https://dikoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/QC-07-1024x998.jpg)